This article proposes using thermodynamic phase-transition theory to understand the dynamics of language model alignment during post-training, specifically through the lens of material crystallization. The authors argue that this physical framework provides a principled vocabulary for reasoning about how models change and where alignment-induced structure originates.
The authors propose ParametricSkills, a framework that converts free-form textual skills into parameters at test time by training a hypernetwork to generate LoRA adapters. This approach enables context-free skill exploitation, addressing the difficulty of adhering to instructions in complex scenarios.
This study investigates the performance of small language models during the generation stage within a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system. The research benchmarks these models using diverse open-source and proprietary datasets to evaluate their effectiveness across various subject areas.
The llama.cpp project has released version b9846, which includes a Vulkan backend optimization for Asahi Linux. This update rolls back the block size loop in matrix multiplication to improve compatibility and performance on Apple Silicon hardware running Linux.
The paper introduces LatentRevise, a first-order latent revision method designed to recover training signals in reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) for prompts where correct trajectories are rarely sampled. By optimizing the input embeddings of a reasoning prefix based on failed rollouts and gold answers, the method generates useful data from previously unproductive attempts.
This article introduces an adaptive RAG framework that allocates retrieval budgets by calibrating sequence log-probability and prefix-logit uncertainty signals into probabilities of correctness. The system decides whether to answer closed-book, retrieve a compact context (k=1), retrieve a full context (k=5), or abstain based on these calibrated probabilities.
IHDec addresses the failure of Large Language Models to maintain instruction hierarchies in multi-turn contexts by leveraging Jensen-Shannon Divergence to detect and correct role-influence inversions. This training-free method dynamically suppresses subordinate roles that override superior directives during token generation.
This study introduces approach-level diversity to address the gap between surface-level variation and actual strategic differences in LLM mathematical reasoning. It demonstrates that prior metrics fail to capture true methodological diversity, leading to a decline in approach-level diversity during diversity-aware RLVR training.
The article introduces VISTA, a training-free layer designed to address the context window limitations of long-horizon tool agents by exposing their internal state. It argues that frontier models are blind to their own context usage and proposes an interface that surfaces working memory details rather than relying on learned compression policies.
This paper addresses graph anomaly detection on text-attributed graphs by formalizing it as a node-to-neighborhood semantic consistency problem, where anomalies stem from mismatches between textual semantics and topological relationships. The authors propose N2NSC, a framework that uses two complementary fusion paths to align graph topology with textual semantics, enabling large language models to leverage both structural and textual neighborhood information.
The SHOVIR benchmark evaluates vision shortcut learning in radiology report generation by extending MIMIC-CXR and PadChest-GR with per-box CheXpert labels. It utilizes image-level and disease-level occlusion experiments to isolate direct and contextual shortcuts where models rely on spurious correlations rather than actual visual evidence.
The llama.cpp project has released version b9844, which introduces ggml-webgpu support for the NVFP4 quantization format. This update also provides pre-built binaries for macOS, iOS, Linux, Android, Windows, and openEuler across various hardware backends.
This study evaluates the ability of large-language models to approximate human cultural tastes by generating silicon surrogates from the Survey of Public Participation in the Arts. Using models from OpenAI, Anthropic, and DeepSeek, the authors analyze 277,470 synthetic respondents to determine if LLMs can faithfully replicate real-world survey data.
Researchers propose TIGRAG (Token-Induced GraphRAG), a framework that uses token co-occurrence statistics to build scalable knowledge graphs for efficient retrieval-augmented generation. This approach addresses the limitations of standard RAG in multi-hop reasoning by avoiding expensive LLM-based extraction pipelines.
Researchers introduce an information-theoretic framework to quantify the directed flow of semantic content between interlocutors and decompose multi-source contributions into redundant, unique, and synergistic components.
This study investigates whether verbose chain-of-thought prompting improves large language model reasoning through increased computation or by providing useful semantic content. The authors present evidence from in-distribution sampling and controlled interventions to determine the specific factors driving performance gains.
This study evaluates the performance gains of transformer-based DNA language models like DNABERT2 compared to conventional approaches such as ConvNova, specifically addressing the high cost of pre-training. It investigates whether these improvements justify the computational overhead and analyzes the impact of Byte Pair Encoding (BPE) tokenization on genomic tasks.
This study addresses the conflation of grammatical gender and social semantic bias in contextual language models for gendered languages like Spanish, proposing a framework to disentangle these dimensions. The authors construct balanced datasets using controlled templates and natural Wikipedia contexts to estimate gender directions while suppressing contamination.
The authors introduce Cortex, a framework that transforms web-scale corpus construction from flat document filtering into structured knowledge organization using an Ontological Corpus Graph (OCG). This three-layer structure unifies quality-refined content, hierarchical lightweight ontology, and cross-domain alignment to address the escalating data requirements of large language models.
Researchers introduce the Dynamic Agent-based Interaction Network (DAIN), a framework that reconceptualizes multimodal fusion as a dynamic, multi-agent collaborative process rather than relying on static architectures. DAIN utilizes a context-aware Meta-Controller to dynamically schedule sparse activation of specialized agents and orchestrates compressed communication for consensus-building.