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lab Microsoft Research Blog · 11h ago

Understanding the brain with AI-driven explanations and experiments

Researchers have developed Generative Causal Testing (GCT), a framework that translates uninterpretable LLM-based brain-prediction models into concise, testable verbal hypotheses about cortical function. This method distills model parameters into short phrases describing what specific brain regions respond to, such as "food preparation," and then verifies these explanations through targeted fMRI experiments.
arxiv arXiv cs.AI · 12h ago

Adaptive Hard-Soft Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Robust Boundary-Constrained PDE Solving

This study proposes a unified hard--soft physics--informed neural network (HSPINN) with adaptive loss weighting to address the slow convergence and inaccurate boundary enforcement of conventional PINNs. The framework enforces Dirichlet and periodic boundary conditions exactly through analytical lifting or masking, while treating PDE residuals and initial conditions as soft constraints balanced by an inverse-share softmax strategy.
arxiv arXiv cs.AI · 12h ago

Measuring & Mitigating Over-Alignment for LLMs in Multilingual Criminal Law Courts

This article addresses the challenge of over-alignment in large language models used within Swiss Federal Supreme Court criminal law contexts, where model guardrails frequently trigger refusals when processing sensitive case details. The authors introduce TF-RefusalBench, a multilingual benchmark derived from public rulings, to measure this phenomenon across French, German, Italian, and English.