A study finds that fine-tuning-based assumptions about cross-lingual transfer do not apply in few-shot In-Context Learning. The research reveals that source language selection significantly impacts performance and identifies new heuristics for effective cross-lingual ICL.
ProvenanceGuard introduces a source-aware verifier for MCP-based LLM agents that detects cross-source conflation by routing claims to specific evidence sources and comparing stated attribution with actual source ownership. It achieves block F1 of 0.802 and source accuracy of 0.858 on 260 source-eligible claims, outperforming source-blind baselines, and detects all injected attribution swaps in 50 clinical probes.
LLMs can generate peer-like responses that mimic personal narratives, creating a false impression of lived experience. Psycholinguistic analysis shows AI uses less first-person and past-focused language than human peers, and often fabricates experiential grounding. This reveals a narrative authenticity gap, requiring AI systems to distinguish supportive framing from fabricated lived experience.
ScaFE proposes using large language models as feature engineers to transform medical images into clinically interpretable representations. By generating deterministic Python code from established scar assessment criteria, it extracts features aligned with clinical scoring systems like the Vancouver Scar Scale. The method achieves superior performance under limited data, with advantages in data efficiency, privacy preservation, and interpretability.
A multi-agent AI framework addresses premature diagnostic handoff and silent hallucinations in healthcare by enforcing structured clinical protocol completion and epistemic uncertainty quantification. Evaluations on 150 simulated cases show 49.3% diagnostic precision, an 11.3 percentage point improvement over baseline, with a statistically significant negative correlation between OLDCARTS completeness and diagnostic uncertainty.
HyGRAG introduces a hierarchical graph RAG framework that integrates contextual and relational information through synthesized summaries. It enables emergent knowledge retrieval via context and relation-aware search across abstraction levels and supports dynamic updates with local re-summarization. Experiments show a 9.7% improvement in multi-hop reasoning accuracy.
IsabeLLM, an automated theorem proving tool in Isabelle, incorporates a Retrieval-Augmented Generation framework, error tracing, and counterexample generation to enhance context for large language models. The updated version demonstrates improved performance in verifying Bitcoin's Proof of Work consensus protocol compared to the original.
A new method improves GUI grounding by using soft correctness-aware gating and teacher-probability scaling to enhance coordinate-token teacher signals. These components work together to suppress unreliable supervision and calibrate remaining signals, with experiments showing consistent performance gains across six benchmarks.
The ALeRCE astronomical database introduces a text-to-SQL system using large language models, enabling natural language queries to generate executable SQL. The system, evaluated on 110 NL/SQL pairs, uses a step-by-step framework that outperforms direct-inference baselines, with Claude Opus 4.6 achieving high precision on simple queries and among the best overall performance across evaluated models.
The paper introduces a framework for multi-policy multi-objective reinforcement learning that learns a set of Pareto-optimal policies ensuring fairness across diverse user preferences. It proves fair policies remain within the convex coverage set for concave welfare functions like GGF and proposes three algorithms that incorporate non-stationary and stochastic policies to adapt to historical inequities. Empirical results show these methods effectively learn fair policies across multiple domains.
A study evaluated several AI systems on ten research-level mathematics problems created by prominent mathematicians. The results include AI-generated solutions, human solutions, and referee reports, offering a detailed assessment of AI performance in solving advanced mathematical problems.
A new benchmark, COGNITIVE ATROSPHY BENCH, measures how LLMs induce cognitive decline in mental-health conversations. Built from 1,576 human-generated counseling sessions and evaluated by clinical experts, it identifies patterns like directive advice and validation that may reduce user autonomy. The tool introduces metrics such as UIRI and ARI to assess atrophy risk and track behavioral trajectories across user interactions.
A new framework learns task-level knowledge on a simplified agent and transfers it to heterogeneous agents. It uses Bayesian non-parametric priors and a high-level policy to generate task guidance, with a semantic-magnitude interface and temporal adaptor to align meta-knowledge with embodiment-specific controllers. Experiments show 94.75% to 99.79% reduction in final-step tracking error and comparable performance using 23.8% of the interaction data of state-of-the-art methods.
A robot's flash memory endurance is a non-renewable asset that degrades with each write. A wear-aware pricing model introduces a shadow price $η$ to guide memory placement across RAM, NVM, and cloud, with optimal routing depending on the value-write association $χ$. Empirical measurements show $χ$ is positive in long-horizon manipulation, null in short-horizon tasks, and negative in teleoperation, and the endurance budget is binding only on low-end QLC/eMMC memory, where wear-aware control influences routing based on task value without improving performance.
WEQA introduces a query-adaptive agent framework that combines language models with specialized wearable data analysis tools. It outperforms LLM and agentic baselines by 24% in accuracy and demonstrates improved usefulness and clinical soundness in expert and user evaluations.
Large language models can produce median-quality legal text, but no benchmark evaluates their ability to perform doctrinal legal reasoning. This gap undermines the EU AI Act's requirement of 'appropriate accuracy' in judicial AI, as the necessary doctrinal-reasoning evaluation remains absent.
LEADS proposes a framework that uses an LLM agent to discover hybrid cardiac electrophysiology models through an iterative reasoning-and-action loop. It formulates domain knowledge as a structured action space, enabling physically grounded, interpretable, and numerically stable model designs, outperforming both human-designed and other LLM-based approaches on synthetic and real cardiac data.
ReAge3D introduces a framework for realistic and identity-preserving 3D face re-aging. It uses a 2D diffusion model and center-out editing to ensure multi-view consistency, preserving fine age-related details through masked diffusion and view reconstruction.
A backward Kolmogorov equation lifts diffusion policies to a Cameron-Martin space, replacing stochastic score matching with a deterministic PDE. This approach achieves convergence bounds tied to kernel effective rank, improved trajectory regularity, and a failure detector without rewards, showing 17% higher reward and 67.6% reduced drift on PushT, and 28.4% lower RMSE with perfect bottleneck detection on a manufacturing line. Hamilton-Jacobi theory reduces deadlock events by 96% in simulations.
DRFLOW introduces a benchmark to evaluate agents' ability to predict personalized workflows from heterogeneous sources. It includes 100 tasks across five domains, grounded in 3,900 sources and featuring 1,246 reference workflow steps. DRFLOW-Agent achieves up to 10.02% F1 improvement over baselines, yet significant challenges remain in accurate workflow prediction.