A new method integrates persistent homology into non-negative matrix factorisation to regularise the topology of basis functions. This approach enables spatially coherent image components, periodic time-series, and clique-like graph signals by using threshold-free topological scores as regularisers in the NMF objective.
Offline evaluation of agentic systems often produces tied comparisons in 75% of cases using standard success-based metrics. Preference-based trajectory evaluation reduces ties to 35% by comparing progress and time-to-return profiles, enhancing discriminative power and data efficiency. These results suggest benchmark saturation may stem from evaluation method choice, not just data or problem difficulty.
CARLOS uses an aggregate deep neural network to learn a joint space-time exercise boundary for optimal stopping problems. It progressively refines stopping decisions at finer time resolutions and employs adaptive sampling to focus training near the stopping boundary. Benchmarked results show CARLOS outperforms existing Bermudan solvers, approaching the American upper bound with high efficiency.
Reversal Q-Learning (RQL) is a new off-policy reinforcement learning algorithm that trains a flow policy using prior data. By modeling flow refinement steps as actions in an expanded Markov decision process and applying virtual on-policy trajectories via reversal, RQL enables effective offline learning without backpropagation through time. Experiments on 50 robotic tasks show RQL achieves the best average performance among state-of-the-art flow-based offline RL methods.
SpatioTemporal Causal Network Diagnostics (ST-CND) introduces a data-driven framework to detect geographic tipping points by modeling spatial fields as time-evolving causal networks. It outperforms existing methods on sea-surface temperature benchmarks, achieving an AUROC of 0.783 and a critical-subnetwork IoU of 0.378 for the North Atlantic AMOC.
A new method called Credit-in-Event identifies and addresses temporal credit dilution in learned dynamics models. CREST, a label-free and training-free readout, re-anchors pooled representations by estimating transient event cores and applying event-versus-rest contrast, reducing out-of-distribution error across multiple systems and data types. Ablations confirm the improvement stems from event-core credit re-anchoring, not generic locality or stability priors.
Concatenating LLM-generated features to graph neural networks systematically reduces accuracy on homophilous benchmarks, with PubMed accuracy dropping by -17.0 +/- 0.3 pp. A measure of LLM-alone discriminability, Delta_sig, correlates strongly with concatenation performance (r^2 = 0.38), and a rule based on Delta_sig <= 13.8 pp correctly predicts non-positive impact in 7 out of 9 datasets.
SelFix improves fixed-point inversion by selecting solutions that produce straighter inverse trajectories, enhancing real-image reconstruction and source-preserving editing. Experiments on FLUX.1-dev and PIE-Bench show it outperforms prior baselines in both reconstruction quality and editing fidelity.
SkillMigrator learns reusable web skills by matching layout structures instead of element references. It stores each skill as a transferable interaction pattern with a structural sketch, enabling efficient skill transfer across sites. Compared to state-of-the-art methods, it reduces average LLM-action counts by 8-10% on WebArena and Mind2Web at matched success rates.
A new framework decomposes pre-hoc fine-tuning prediction risk into intrinsic limits and optimization variance. It proves a necessary lower bound on variance decay and introduces a budget-optimal probing strategy, validated across synthetic and real-world benchmarks through three distinct prediction regimes.
A study enhances physics-constrained neural networks by introducing an upgraded numerical solver, a unified autoregressive block, and two neural backbones. These improvements reduce root mean squared error by 8-22% in short-term forecasts over the South Pacific and better preserve physical consistency.
TUNEAHEAD is a lightweight framework that predicts fine-tuning performance using meta-feature vectors from dataset descriptors and short probe runs. It outperforms baselines like Early-Stop Extrapolation and ProxyLM, achieving an RMSE of 1.47 percentage points and 95.1% of predictions within ±3 percentage points of true scores on 370 held-out runs.
We propose learnable graph patches as the smallest semantic units in graph data to address feature heterogeneity without textual information. Our framework uses patch encoders and aggregators to extract and combine knowledge across domains, enabling universal pre-training and improved downstream performance with more pre-training data.
EnvRL introduces a framework that enhances agentic reinforcement learning by incorporating environment dynamics through state prediction and inverse dynamics objectives. When trained with GRPO, EnvRL improves success rates of Qwen-2.5-1.5B-Instruct from 72.8% to 77.4% on ALFWorld and from 56.8% to 67.0% on WebShop.
ASTEROID is a data-driven framework that predicts multi-step atomic coordinates in molecular dynamics simulations without iterative integration. It uses a spatiotemporal Transformer architecture to model multiscale dependencies, achieving higher accuracy and reduced computational cost compared to existing methods on quantum-mechanics derived datasets.
A new framework modifies the Laplacian operator in graph diffusion to enhance fairness by incorporating subspace projections, spectral adjustments, and frequency-based filtering. The method leverages graph diffusion's smoothing properties to mitigate bias, with theoretical analysis and empirical validation on synthetic and real-world datasets showing improved fairness without significant computational overhead.
A delta-based target reformulation enhances short-term electricity load forecasting by predicting load changes rather than absolute values. Results show over 50% MAPE reduction for hour-ahead forecasts across LSTM and Transformer models, with significant benefits for deep sequence models in day-ahead predictions.
A causal audit shows that many vision-language models achieve high chest radiograph accuracy without using images. Text-only models match multimodal models in performance and outperform them in grounding, with accuracy and confidence flags only appearing when image use occurs. These findings suggest that accuracy alone is insufficient to validate clinical deployment, and grounding must be assessed.
The paper proposes an unsupervised framework to recover latent domains and signals from corrupted observations by discovering data symmetries. It models observations as linear measurements of signals from a latent random field and uses a shallow group-convolutional network with stationarity and locality constraints to learn latent symmetry actions and filters, enabling recovery from unstructured data.
A new method enables large language models to learn from their own reasoning traces without external supervision. By distilling inference-time computation into lightweight, modular latent memories, the model achieves performance competitive with full training and outperforms zero-shot and raw ICL baselines on mathematical reasoning tasks, with minimal computational overhead.