A study finds that Transformer-based trajectory prediction models degrade significantly with noisy object state data. Accuracy drops by 1.3x under mild noise and up to 3.9x under realistic high noise conditions, highlighting the models' sensitivity and the need for noisier, real-world training data and mitigation strategies.
This paper presents a Reward-Petri-Net interpretation of Temporal Behavior Trees for reinforcement learning. It translates TBTs into Petri Nets, assigning rewards based on structural constraints defined in Linear Temporal Logic, enabling effective learning in complex, long-horizon robotic tasks where vanilla RL fails.
A deep learning framework using multi-head attention and online learning accurately predicts repair durations by integrating categorical and numerical historical data. The model achieves 78% accuracy on real-world repair data from 2013 to 2020, outperforming feed-forward neural networks and random forests, with attention weights revealing key feature interactions.
A TRIZ-inspired text-to-CAD framework uses large language models to generate creative, editable 3D CAD models by integrating inventive principles from patent data. In a chair design case study, it achieved 4.0-14.7% mass reduction while preserving structural integrity through principles like segmentation and composite materials.
The paper proves that locally orthogonal directions in generative models guarantee latent factor identifiability without needing statistical independence or causal assumptions. Experiments with orthogonality-regularized normalizing flows confirm reliable recovery of true latent factors, challenging prior claims about unsupervised disentanglement impossibility.
Atomistic Language Models (ALMs) unify language and atomistic structures, enabling natural language-driven crystal generation and optimization. ALMs use a continuous bridge to map language embeddings into atomistic diffusion steering space and employ Text-to-Crystal Feynman-Kac for stoichiometric accuracy. The ALM Bench benchmark evaluates text-conditioned material generation and optimization, with code and weights to be released soon.
The LDT-FRL framework introduces a privacy-preserving defense system for IoMT devices, combining temporal attention, lightweight digital twins, and federated reinforcement learning. It achieves 99.66% and 99.95% accuracy on CICDDoS 2019 and TON-IoT benchmarks, with perfect F1 on the MITM class, converging 81% faster than prior methods and offering interpretable defense decisions via SHAP and Grad-CAM.
The paper proposes a modular relational deep learning approach that decouples row encoding from graph message-passing. It introduces a transformer-based Universal Row Encoder that uses schema metadata to generate invariant row embeddings, enabling better generalization across databases and improving convergence on RelBench benchmarks.
The BIPC framework reduces solution time for large-scale mixed-integer programs by identifying a backdoor subset of variables that drive computational complexity. Using supervised learning, it predicts backdoor variable values and intervals, then solves a reduced problem with these predictions, achieving significant speedups with minimal quality loss. This enables rapid, high-quality solutions under parameter perturbations in real-world systems like power and supply chains.
A new post-training method uses multi-metric perceptual rewards to optimize speech enhancement models. It directly applies non-differentiable metrics like DNSMOS, WER, and UTMOS as rewards via Group Sequence Policy Optimization, achieving state-of-the-art results on DNS2020. Human evaluation confirms that combining multiple metrics outperforms single-metric approaches, reducing reward hacking.
w$^{2}$VLA introduces a modular approach that decouples declarative and procedural knowledge in Vision-Language-Action models. By restructuring information flow, it enables robust behavior cloning and unprecedented zero-shot skill transfer across unseen, dissimilar objects.
llama-server crashes when a user pastes a long prompt as a text file alongside an image, treating it as a file attachment. The server works fine when the prompt is sent in smaller batches but fails when the full prompt is combined into one text block and submitted with the image.
A new framework using cross-lingual question answering reveals users' mental models of speech translation systems. Users develop stronger mental models with practice, especially with source language knowledge, relying on surface-level error cues. Providing speech transcriptions improves model development, showing cross-lingual question answering's potential in human-AI collaboration research.
We propose decomposing structured annotation tasks into sub-tasks to reduce overall inferential load. By identifying salient anchor entities—centers in the space of valid annotations—we constrain output complexity and improve cost-efficiency. We provide guidelines for decomposition and a procedure to allocate sub-tasks across human and model annotators for optimal quality under fixed budgets.
FMLM+ introduces Posterior Refinement, a strategy that enables adaptive self-correction during inference. By combining flow map transport with masking-style noise schedules, it achieves high-fidelity language generation with 32x fewer noise-free evaluations, outperforming both MDM and FMLM in speed-quality tradeoff.
This study introduces the Match Task to Objective (MTO) framework to align pre-training and fine-tuning objectives with specific tasks. The framework enables automated, unsupervised data adaptation and delivers performance gains of over 120% in few-shot settings, outperforming baselines in both few-shot and full-dataset scenarios. It also enhances prompt-tuning by providing effective soft prompt engineering guidance.
MedBench v5 introduces a dynamic, process-oriented benchmark for clinical multimodal models, featuring clinical cognitive responsiveness and atomic skills across 63 tasks. It includes stressors for degradation analysis and monitors hallucination propagation through five reasoning nodes, revealing that strong task performance does not ensure process stability.
A deep learning study analyzes sentiment evolution across review rounds in 11,063 Nature Communications papers. As review rounds increase, positive sentiments rise and negative ones decline, with aspect-level sentiments showing a negative correlation to the total number of rounds, particularly in 'experiments', 'research significance', and 'result analysis'.
CALIBER introduces a method that elicits and supervises confidence estimates at two stages: before and after reasoning. It reduces Expected Calibration Error by 52.5% on BigMathDigits for a 7B model, achieving the best Brier score and AUROC, and performs best on out-of-distribution benchmarks like GPQA and TriviaQA.
Bad contexts in conversations can lead to 'pigeonholing', where models repeat incorrect answers or narrow down to a single response. Experiments show performance drops of 38-40% and worsening errors with more conversation turns, even when initial inputs are correct. A new method, RLVR with synthetic errors, improves model performance by 43-60% under such bad contexts.