arxiv arXiv cs.CL · 1d ago

Linguistic Fingerprints Reveal Tang Poets' Regional Origins

A computational analysis of the Complete Tang Poems shows that poets' geographic origins leave detectable linguistic traces. Models using character n-gram TF-IDF and domain features achieve 0.69 accuracy in predicting broad regional origin (South vs. North), surpassing chance, and correctly classify finer circuit-level origins. The study finds linguistic distance between circuits correlates with geographic distance, with regional divergence increasing in the Late Tang, and highlights historical biases in early Tang poetic style.

arxiv arXiv cs.CL · 1d ago

First Large-Scale Analysis of Algorithm Co-Occurrence Networks

This study analyzes algorithm influence through co-occurrence networks in natural language processing, using full-text academic papers. It reveals that algorithm networks exhibit complex network features, with denser connections emerging over two decades, and that classic algorithms at research intersections show high centrality and balanced influence. The research provides a temporal and structural view of algorithm evolution and lays groundwork for future studies on algorithm, scholar, and task networks.

arxiv arXiv cs.CL · 1d ago

PORTER: Language-Grounded Event Representations for Portable EHR Foundation Models

PORTER introduces a language-grounded structured EHR foundation model that represents clinical events via descriptions instead of fixed vocabularies. It achieves superior performance across 74 pediatric prediction tasks and transfers effectively to new vocabularies without retraining, recovering 97.1% of target AUROC and outperforming fixed-vocabulary models on MIMIC, with 329-fold lower compute than text serialization approaches.

arxiv arXiv cs.CL · 1d ago

LoRA Monitor Calibration Fails with Top-1 in Diffusion LMs

Top-1 argmax concentration fails as a collapse warning in LoRA-optimized diffusion language models, showing zero precision across 816 configurations. Max LoRA gradient norm outperforms this baseline, achieving 0.68 precision and 0.79 F1 on a held-out LLaDA split, though results are limited to short-horizon, family-specific inspections.

arxiv arXiv cs.CL · 1d ago

Holistic Data Scheduler for LLM Pre-training via Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning

HDS introduces a multi-objective reinforcement learning framework for online data mixing in LLM pre-training. It achieves 44% fewer training iterations on The Pile benchmark and improves MMLU 0-shot performance by 7.2%, with consistent gains across other benchmarks.

arxiv arXiv cs.CL · 1d ago

InterAligner: Progressive Alignment for ASR

InterAligner introduces an intermediate aligner objective and InterCTC loss to enable progressive alignment formation in deep ASR models. On LibriSpeech with a 17-layer Conformer, it reduces WER from 5.0/7.8 to 3.1/5.6, with significant improvements on long utterances.

arxiv arXiv cs.CL · 1d ago

BehaviorBench Launches Benchmark for Behavioral AI Models

BehaviorBench introduces a comprehensive benchmark to evaluate foundation models across four behavioral science capabilities: behavior prediction, strategic decision-making, subject-trait inference, and knowledge application. It assesses models at both individual and distributional levels, revealing that behavioral foundation models like Be.FM-1.5 achieve stronger distributional alignment than general-purpose models, highlighting the need for distributional evaluation in behavioral AI.

arxiv arXiv cs.CL · 1d ago

CORE-BREW: LLR-Based Soft Decoding for Robust Multi-Bit LLM Watermarking

CORE-BREW introduces a soft-decision decoding method using calibrated log-likelihood ratios to enable robust multi-bit watermarking in LLMs. It achieves consistent hit rates and improved false-positive control through strict and FPR-calibrated detection modes, outperforming prior baselines under token-level edits and paraphrasing while preserving semantic quality.

arxiv arXiv cs.CL · 1d ago

Pāninian Foundation for Indic Language Processing

A new benchmark suite proposes leveraging Pānini's ancient grammar as a unifying framework for Indic language processing. This approach aims to improve accuracy, data efficiency, and transferability by grounding NLP tools in a shared morphosyntactic architecture. The framework raises questions about whether neural models internally represent Pānini's linguistic categories.

arxiv arXiv cs.CL · 1d ago

Digi Turbine: A Reliability-Aware PINN Benchmark for Offshore Wind Monitoring

Digi Turbine is a synthetic benchmark that combines a simplified beam model with Winkler soil foundation in its training objective. It uses Bayesian inverse identification and First Order Reliability Method screening to enable reliable state estimation from sparse sensor data. Validation is based on synthetic configurations derived from the NREL 5MW turbine.

arxiv arXiv cs.CL · 1d ago

Agon: Autonomous Research System via Prompt Economy

Agon is an autonomous research system that uses prompt economy to validate checkable claims in workflows, leaving judgment to human scientists. It operates across 444 iterations with minimal prompts and no human-written code, revealing a taxonomy of failures by severity, fixability, visibility, and capability locus. The system demonstrates scalability and advances research toward a paradigm where machines handle scale and humans guide judgment.

arxiv arXiv cs.CL · 1d ago

Decoherence as Defence in Quantum Neural Networks for Intrusion Detection

A rigorous N-qubit theory proves that depolarising noise in stochastic quantum neural networks contracts Pauli read-outs exponentially, enabling robust anomaly detection. On the NSL-KDD dataset, such noise achieves significant adversarial resilience without catastrophic collapse, outperforming noiseless models and classical detectors under FGSM and PGD attacks, with reduced robustness variance and a train-test gap reduction of approximately 0.01.

arxiv arXiv cs.CL · 1d ago

SURGELLM: Task-Aware Feature Gating with Class-Balanced Normalization

SURGELLM introduces a unified transformer framework with surgical feature gating, task-conditioned prefix tokens, and Instance-Weighted Normalization to address inductive bias mismatches, class imbalance, and lack of lexical knowledge integration. The IWN variant achieves macro-F1 of 0.940 across four tasks, outperforming baselines by 0.036 overall and 0.130 on authorship detection, with gains confirmed as lexical rather than parametric.

arxiv arXiv cs.CL · 1d ago

Prague Dependency Treebank Consolidated 2.0 Released

PDT-C 2.0 presents a uniformly annotated, genre-diversified Czech corpus of nearly 4 million tokens. It includes meaning representations and inter-sentential phenomena like coreference and discourse relations, and is accompanied by fully compatible lexicons. The resource is available under a CC BY-NC-SA licence.

arxiv arXiv cs.CL · 1d ago

Transformer Models: Architectures, Applications, and Critical Assessment

This review presents a taxonomy of transformer-based language models across domain verticals, covering encoder-only, decoder-only, encoder-decoder, long-context, permutation-based, and generator-discriminator variants. It evaluates post-2023 advancements like instruction tuning and mixture-of-experts scaling, and assesses model deployments in healthcare, finance, legal, education, customer service, creative writing, and scientific work, linking each to specific capabilities. The paper critically analyzes model architectures on four key deployment axes, quantifies parameter count versus energy cost, and examines how alignment methods, data provenance, and benchmark saturation define 'state of the art'.

arxiv arXiv cs.CL · 1d ago

PETRA: Dataset and Pipeline for Petroleum Engineering Text Adaptation

PETRA transforms public web text into a curated petroleum engineering corpus with synthetic supervision for dense retrieval and reranking. It improves in-domain nDCG from 0.703 to 0.763 and boosts Earth Science benchmark performance by 44% and a six-task reasoning panel by 23%.

arxiv arXiv cs.CL · 1d ago

POS Tagging of Arabic-English Dictionary Senses via WordNet

The paper presents an algorithm that transfers English part-of-speech tags from Princeton WordNet to Arabic-English dictionary senses after disambiguation. This enables linking bilingual dictionaries to WordNet and standardizing them into WordNet-LMF format, where synsets are the fundamental unit, with high accuracy at low cost.

arxiv arXiv cs.CL · 1d ago

MorfFlex: Managing Rich Morphology in Czech

MorfFlex is a morphological dictionary architecture designed for languages with complex inflection and derivation. MorfFlex CZ, its primary implementation, contains over 100 million wordforms and more than 1 million lemmas, reduced through encoded inflectional and derivational patterns. It supports annotation consistency in the Prague Dependency Treebanks and powers tools like MorphoDiTa.

arxiv arXiv cs.CL · 1d ago

Stability of Prompt Ranking in LLM Evaluation

Prompt rankings in large language model evaluation are often unstable under minor variations like random seeds and limited subsets. A stability-aware selection strategy using lower confidence bounds improves robustness by accounting for both performance and variance, while maintaining competitiveness in stable settings.

arxiv arXiv cs.CL · 1d ago

AutoSpecNER: Fine-Grained NER Dataset for Vehicle Specifications

AutoSpecNER is a dataset of 659 car advertisements with over 10,000 entities annotated across 15 categories. It achieves 91.5% inter-annotator agreement and shows that DeBERTa outperforms both rule-based methods and large language models in vehicle specification extraction, reaching a 90% micro-F1 score.